Room at the Top: Strategies for Increasing the Number of Graduate Students in Canada

The knowledge economy requires more people with advanced degrees. Policies that attach funding to students hold the greatest promise for increasing both the quantity and quality of graduate education.graduate education, government education support

Letter from Alex Ross Matheson to [John Muir], [ca. 1902 ?] .

the living creatures. that go to make up a perfect [farm?] It is an oasis of rest to the tired body and weary brain, but I am tiring you out, what about yourself. Your pen would still proclaim you young. enthustiac opt[illegible], still looking for some little gem among the flowers, a lover [illegible] to the [picturesque?]; the grand in Nature. I shall study you more and more as I p[illegible]se the volume before me and shall wait impatiently for an answer What of your brother. I have not heard from him03119 since we were at the university of Michigan together. I will send you a report of the hospital in which I am [actively?] engaged Good byeYour friendAlex Ross Matheso

Modeling of Shrinkage During Desiccation of Extruded Durum Semolina Pasta

Extruded durum semolina pasta was dried over saturated salt solutions, and th

Behavior of a Chiral Condensate Around Astrophysical-Mass Schwarschild and Reissner-Nordstr\"om Black Holes

In this work, we develop a perturbative method to describe the behavior of a chiral condensate around a spherical black hole whose mass is astrophysically realistic. We use the inverse mass as the expansion parameter for our perturbative series. We test this perturbative method in the case of a Schwarzschild black hole, and we find that it agrees well with previous numerical results. For an astrophysical-mass Schwarzschild black hole, the leading order contribution to the condensate is much larger (in most of space) than the next-to-leading order contribution, providing further evidence for the validity of the perturbative approach. The size of the bubble of restored chiral symmetry is directly proportional to the size of the black hole. Next, we apply this perturbative method to a Reissner-Nordstr\"om (RN) black hole. We find that, as the charge-to-mass ratio increases, the bubble of restored chiral symmetry becomes larger relative to the black hole. This effect is particularly pronounced for near-extremal RN black holes. The case of an extremal RN black hole provides an interesting counterexample to the standard thermal explanation for the formation of a bubble of restored chiral symmetry around a black hole

Sense about science - making sense of crime

Booklet 'Making Sense of Crime' published by registered charity 'Sense About Science'There’s always heated debate about crime in the media and a lot of political argument about how we should respond to it. But these arguments rarely provide insight into what actually causes crime, what lies behind trends over time and in different places, and how best to go about reducing it. Values inform how a society decides to deal with crime. We may decide that rehabilitation is a better principle than punishment, and this will influence how we decide what is most effective. However, we also expect these choices to be disciplined by sound evidence, because if crime policy ignores what works and what doesn’t, there are likely to be bad social consequences. And with over £10bn spent annually on tackling crime through the police, prisons, probation and courts, unless we look at evidence we can’t see how effective any of it is. Crime policy usually has twin aims – to prevent crime, and to seek justice by punishing those who commit offences. Research shows there’s only a loose link, if any, between the way offenders are punished and the number of offences committed. There is no reliable evidence for example, that capital punishment reduces serious crimes as its supporters claim. Yet politicians and commentators regularly claim that more punishments are a way to cut crime. Academic, government and community organisations have all said crime policies need to be based more on evidence, but much of the evidence available at the moment is poor or unclear. Debates about crime rarely reflect how strong the evidence behind opposing policies is, and even when politicians honestly believe they’re following the evidence, they tend to select evidence that supports their political views. This guide looks at some of the key things we do know and why it has been so difficult to make sense of crime policy. An important point throughout is that policymakers sometimes have to make decisions when things are not clear-cut. They have a better chance of making effective policies if they admit to this uncertainty – and conduct robust research to find out more. In the following pages we have shared insights from experts in violent crime, policing, crime science, psychology and the media’s influence on the crime debate. They don’t have all the answers, but we hope they leave you better-placed to hold policymakers and commentators to account and promote a more useful discussion about crime